A practical framework for interpreting and using data
These principles help us remember that data is not neutral: it is constructed, interpreted, and communicated based on human decisions. They are a guide for rigorous analysis, equitable design, and honest storytelling.
Five principles to guide your work with data
A simple reminder: evidence is built. These principles help us take care of the process, the language, and the impact.
01. Data is created by human beings
Data always comes with biases, incentives, and the inherent randomness of the system that creates or collects it.
- Document sources, assumptions, and limitations.
- Surface bias, incentives, and uncertainty explicitly.
Who decides what is measured and what is not?
02. Data simplifies complexity
Every time you work with data, you're looking at a limited snapshot of a much larger human experience.
- Avoid absolute conclusions; the data shows “a part”.
- Supplement with qualitative context when possible.
What perspectives are not reflected in these data?
03. Data requires a lens
There is no single truth in a dataset. We all bring our own lens, which shapes the questions we ask and what we find interesting.
- Name the lens (people, place, time, and assumptions).
- Encourage multiple readings and interpretations.
What lens is shaping this analysis?
04. Data can be a powerful tool for design and innovation
It can help you generate new ideas and explore opportunities.
- Use data to prototype, iterate, and learn (not just report).
- Explore new questions and identify systemic opportunities.
How can this evidence inform better design?
05. Data without stories doesn’t move people
Stories have the power to awaken deep emotions—to motivate us to care and to act.
- Connect visualizations with clear and responsible narratives.
- Avoid sensational stories; lead with dignity and integrity.
What story will help people understand and act?
Continue exploring
Connect these principles with the ethical stance (manifesto) or return to the context of the Observatory.
The principles are the “how”; the Manifesto is the “why”.
Read the ManifestoContinue exploring tools and initiatives
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